Q.1 Q. The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence
A. sad
B. asdas
C. asda
D. asdasd
Q.2 Five jumbled up sentences, related to a topic, are given below. Four of them can be put together to
form a coherent paragraph. Identify the odd one out and key in the number of the sentence as your
answer:
1. Machine learning models are prone to learning human-like biases from the training data that feeds
these algorithms.
2. Hate speech detection is part of the on-going effort against oppressive and abusive language on
social media.
3. The current automatic detection models miss out on something vital: context.
4. It uses complex algorithms to flag racist or violent speech faster and better than human beings
alone.
5. For instance, algorithms struggle to determine if group identifiers like "gay" or "black" are used in
offensive or prejudiced ways because they're trained on imbalanced datasets with unusually high
rates of hate speech.
Detailed Analysis:
On reading the statements, the arrangement (2)-(4)-(1)-(5) can be linked to form a paragraph, while Statement (3) stands out. Statements (2) and (4) talk about hate speech detection and the algorithms involved, while Statements (1) and (5) indicate the issue associated with the aforementioned algorithms. Hence, (3) is the odd one out.
Q.3 Five jumbled up sentences, related to a topic, are given below. Four of them can be put together to
form a coherent paragraph. Identify the odd one out and key in the number of the sentence as your
answer:
1. The logic of displaying one’s inner qualities through outward appearance was based on a distinction
between being a woman and being feminine.
2. 'Appearance' became a signifier of conduct - to look was to be and conformity to the feminine ideal
was measured by how well women could use the tools of the fashion and beauty industries.
3. The makeover-centric media sets out subtly and not-so-subtly, ‘good’ and ‘bad’ ways to be a
woman, layering these over inequalities of race and class.
4. The denigration of working-class women and women of colour often centres on their perceived
failure to embody feminine beauty.
5. ‘Woman’ was considered a biological category, but femininity was a ‘process’ by which women
became specific kinds of women.
Detailed Analysis:
Statement (1) talks about how the "logic" of determining a woman's inner quality boiled down to the distinction between the perception of "being a woman and being feminine". Statement (5) highlights the difference in this understanding: the former being a 'biological category' and latter being a 'process'. Statement (2) continues on the manner in which the measure of "feminine ideal" was dependent on a woman's appearance. Statement (4) continues on this line by presenting how the incapacity to meet up to this ideal led to the denigration of working-class women and women of colour. We notice that Statement (3) is the odd one out here
Q.4 The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best
captures the essence of the passage.
The dominant hypotheses in modern science believe that language evolved to allow humans to
exchange factual information about the physical world. But an alternative view is that language
evolved, in modern humans at least, to facilitate social bonding. It increased our ancestors’ chances
of survival by enabling them to hunt more successfully or to cooperate more extensively. Language
meant that things could be explained and that plans and past experiences could be shared efficiently.
A. Since its origin, language has been continuously evolving to higher forms, from being used to identify objects to ensuring human survival by enabling our ancestors to bond and cooperate.
B. From the belief that humans invented language to process factual information, scholars now think that language was the outcome of the need to ensure social cohesion and thus human survival.
C. Most believe that language originated from a need to articulate facts, but others think it emerged from the need to promote social cohesion and cooperation, thus enabling human survival.
D. Experts are challenging the narrow view of the origin of language, as being merely used to describe facts and label objects, to being necessary to promote more complex interactions among huma
Detailed Analysis:
One predominant viewpoint: language originated to exchange factual information An alternative viewpoint: language originated to facilitate social bonding and consequently, to ensure human survival. The summary needs to highlight these two core viewpoints. Option C does this without deviating from the discussion. Option A: The evolution of language is not the focal point here; the views held in this regard are. {"language has been continuously evolving to higher forms"} Thus, we can eliminate this option since it comes across as a misrepresentation. Option B: This is a trap wherein the statement captures both the core viewpoints but there is a distortion involved: "...From the belief ..." to "...scholars now..." indicates a shift in the viewpoint. However, this is not the case - the author simply states two prevalent perspectives on the subject. Option D: is again a distortion since experts are not "challenging any views; the author simply highlights the presence of two viewpoints {no conflict presented} Hence, Option C is the correct answer.
Q.5 The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best
captures the essence of the passage.
Aesthetic political representation urges us to realize that ‘the representative has autonomy with
regard to the people represented’ but autonomy then is not an excuse to abandon one’s responsibility.
Aesthetic autonomy requires cultivation of ‘disinterestedness’ on the part of actors which is not
indifference. To have disinterestedness, that is, to have comportment towards the beautiful that is
devoid of all ulterior references to use - requires a kind of aesthetic commitment; it is the liberation of
ourselves for the release of what has proper worth only in itself.
A. Aesthetic political representation advocates autonomy for the representatives manifested through disinterestedness which itself is different from indifference.
B. Aesthetic political representation advocates autonomy for the representatives drawing from disinterestedness, which itself is different from indifference.
C. Disinterestedness is different from indifference as the former means a nonsubjective evaluation of things which is what constitutes aesthetic political representation
D. Disinterestedness, as distinct from indifference, is the basis of political representation.
Detailed Analysis:
The paragraph discusses two essential elements: it begins by presenting the facet of autonomy enjoyed by the representative in Aesthetic political representation and then highlights the cultivation of "disinterestedness" in this regard. Additionally, the author distinctly identifies the aforementioned concept as being not the same as that of "indifference". Post this, towards the end. The author presents the reason behind this assertion. Option B correctly captures these two aspects without distorting the overall meaning. Option A: The author does not claim that the autonomy "manifested" through disinterestedness. Option C: The statement here contains added elements which cannot be inferred from the passage. Option D: This alternative fails to capture the essence of the discussion and describes a single component. {'political representation' might again be incorrect} Hence, of the given summaries, Option B aptly captures the substance of the passage.
Q.6 Brown et al. (2001) suggest that ‘metabolic theory may provide a conceptual foundation for much of
ecology just as genetic theory provides a foundation for much of evolutionary biology’. One of the
successes of genetic theory is the diversity of theoretical approaches and models that have been
developed and applied. A Web of Science (v. 5.9. Thomson Reuters) search on genetic* + theor* +
evol* identifies more than 12000 publications between 2005 and 2012. Considering only the 10 mostcited papers within this 12000 publication set, genetic theory can be seen to focus on genome
dynamics, phylogenetic inference, game theory and the regulation of gene expression. There is no
one fundamental genetic equation, but rather a wide array of genetic models, ranging from simple to
complex, with differing inputs and outputs, and divergent areas of application, loosely connected to
each other through the shared conceptual foundation of heritable variation.
A. Genetic theory has evolved to spawn a wide range of theoretical models and applications but Metabolic theory need not evolve in a similar manner in the field of ecology
B. Genetic theory has a wide range of theoretical approaches and application and is foundational to evolutionary biology and Metabolic theory has the potential to do the same for ecology
C. Genetic theory has a wide range of theoretical approaches and applications and Metabolic theory must have the same in the field of ecology
D. Genetic theory provides an example of how a range of theoretical approaches and applications can make a theory successful
Detailed Analysis:
There are two key points discussed in the passage: 1. The prospect of "metabolic theory" being foundational to the field of ecology; the same as is the case in (2) 2. Genetic theory being the conceptual basis of evolutionary biology {given the diverse and extensive theoretical approaches and models available}. Thus, the summary needs to capture both these points. Option B fulfils this requirement. Option A: is a distorted claim since it is not implied in the passage; the author does not assert that "metabolic theory need not evolve in a similar manner". Option C: is again a misinterpretation because the author does not claim that metabolic theory "must" contribute in a similar fashion. Instead, the focus is on the "potential" of this theory. Option D: is divergent since the author does not discuss the "success" of a theory. Hence, Option B is the correct answer.
Q.7 The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent
paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of
the four numbers as your answer:
1. Each one personified a different aspect of good fortune.
2. The others were versions of popular Buddhist gods, Hindu gods and Daoist gods.
3. Seven popular Japanese deities, the Shichi Fukujin, were considered to bring good luck and
happiness.
4. Although they were included in the Shinto pantheon, only two of them, Daikoku and Ebisu, were
indigenous Japanese gods.
A. 3142
B. 2431
C. 1234
D. 4321
Detailed Analysis:
Statement (3) opens the paragraph by introducing the subject: seven popular Japanese deities who bring good luck. Statement (1) then comments on the aspect of good fortune followed by statements (4) and (2). Statement (4) clarifies how only two of these seven entities qualify as indigenous Japanese gods while Statement (2) comments on the origin/background of the rest. Hence, (3)-(1)-(4)-(2) forms a coherent arrangement
Q.8 Five sentences related to a topic are given below in a jumbled order. Four of them form a coherent and
unified paragraph. Identify the odd sentence that does not go with the four. Key in the number of the
option that you choose.
1. ‘Stat’ signaled something measurable, while ‘matic’ advert ised free labour; but ‘tron’, above all,
indicated control.
2. It was a totem of high modernism, the intellectual and cultural mode that decreed no process or
phenomenon was too complex to be grasped, managed and optimized.
3. Like the heraldic shields of ancient knights, these morphemes were painted onto the names of
scientific technologies to proclaim one’s history and achievements to friends and enemies alike.
4. The historian Robert Proctor at Stanford University calls the suffix ‘-tron’, along with ‘-matic’ and ‘-
stat’, embodied symbols.
5. To gain the suffix was to acquire a proud and optimistic emblem of the electronic and atomic age.
Detailed Analysis:
Option 4 and option 5 are related as both statement start with a suffix. While option 3 is a continuation of the idea in option 3 Option 5 says that the suffix signifies pride, while option 3 elaborates on this and explains how it is displayed as pride to friends and families alike. Hence 53 is a logical block. Among all the statements, 4 is the only one which doesn't have a pronoun or a tone indicating the presence of a preceding statement. While 4 opens the statement, it must be succeeded by 1 as the terms cannot be explained at the end. The logical coherence of this para jumble is 4(Introduction of terms)-1(Explanation of terms)- 5(Consequence of terms(Pride))-3(Elaboration of consequence) Statement 2 speaks about modernism and that every phenomenon can be easily grasped. It is unrelated to the context of the passage and a misfit. Hence, option 2 is the odd one out
Q.9 The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) given below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent
paragraph. Decide on the proper sequence of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of
the four numbers as your answer.
1. People with dyslexia have difficulty with print-reading, and people with autism spectrum disorder
have difficulty with mind-reading.
2. An example of a lost cognitive instinct is mind-reading: our capacity to think of ourselves and
others as having beliefs, desires, thoughts and feelings.
3. Mind-reading looks increasingly like literacy, a skill we know for sure is not in our genes, since
scripts have been around for only 5,000-6,000 years.
4. Print-reading, like mind-reading varies across cultures, depends heavily on certain parts of the
brain, and is subject to developmental disorders.
A. 1234
B. 2341
C. 3241
D. 1234
Detailed Analysis:
Statement 1 displays a contrast of 2 kinds of reading. Logically these reading types must be defined before their negatives are discussed. This indicates that both statement 2 and 4 necessarily precede statement 1 Statement 4 and 1 form a logical block as statement 4 introduces the idea of developmental disorders while statement 1 cites example of such disorders. Statement 4 cannot be opening as it has a phrase "like mind reading". While, Statement 3 can neither be an opening nor closing statement. Hence, statement 2 is a good introductory statement as it starts by describing mind reading and statement 3 extends the idea of mindreading. As 3 doesn't fit anywhere else, it has to necessarily follow statement 2 Hence, the correct order is 2341
Q.10 The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) given below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent
paragraph. Decide on the proper sequence of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of
the four numbers as your answer.
1. Metaphors may map to similar meanings across languages, but their subtle differences can have a
profound effect on our understanding of the world.
2. Latin scholars point out carpe diem is a horticultural metaphor that, particularly seen in the context
of its source, is more accurately translated as “plucking the day,” evoking the plucking and gathering
of ripening fruits or flowers, enjoying a moment that is rooted in the sensory experience of nature,
unrelated to the force implied in seizing.
3. The phrase carpe diem, which is often translated as “seize the day and its accompanying
philosophy, has gone on to inspire countless people in how they live their lives and motivates us to
see the world a little differently from the norm
4. It’s an example of one of the more telling ways that we mistranslate metaphors from one language
to another, revealing in the process our hidden assumptions about what we really value.
A. 3241
B. 2431
C. 4123
D. 3214
Detailed Analysis:
Statement 3 and 2 form a natural block. While statement 3 describes "carpe diem", statement 4 explains how every language has subtle differences in its essence and interpretation. Statement 4 says "its an example of" suggesting to the logical block 32 which shows misinterpretation of metaphor. Hence, 324 forms a block. While statement 1 can serve as both opening as concluding closing statement. Both the sequesnces 3241 and 1324 seem accurate. Although CAT 2019, considered 3241 as the final answer to this parajumble with statement 1 concluding the paragragh.
